Colorectal Cancer The Third Most Common Cancer Among Men...

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer among men and women in the United States, and mutations in the MUTYH gene significantly increase the risk of developing polyps that may evolve into cancer.1,2 Biallelic mutations in the MUTYH gene can lead to MYH-Associated Polyposis (MAP), which causes the growth of dozens to hundreds of polyps, furthering increasing the risk for colon cancer.2 Meanwhile, recent studies have shown that both biallelic and monoallelic mutations can contribute to bladder, ovarian, gastric, hepatobiliary, endometrial, and breast cancer.3 The MUTYH gene itself codes for the MYH glycosylase enzyme, which repairs mistakes in DNA caused by reactive oxygen species.3,4 Also a sign of oxidative stress, the oxidation product, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (OG), mimics thymine, eventually matching with adenine and resulting in a complete loss of the cytosine-guanine pair.4 MUTYH removes the undamaged A base from the mismatched pair, aiding in the correc tion of such damage.4 However, when MUTYH is mutated, there is an increase in G to T mutations, which can eventually affect the tumor suppressor genes APC and K-ras and lead to tumor formation.4 The MUTYH variants Y165C and G382D are the most common mutations seen in individuals with MAP, and for this reason are of great interest in research working towards reducing the risk of colorectal cancer.2,4 In recent years, the CRISPR/Cas system for gene editing has become the preferred method forShow MoreRelatedColorectal Cancer And Its Effects On The Digestive System853 Words   |  4 PagesColorectal Cancer Colorectal cancer mainly starts at colon or the rectum. They are common in most of the way like features, but they have different treatment. What is the different between colon cancer and rectum cancer? Colon cancer happens first four to five feet of the large intestine and rectal cancer happens in the last few inches of the large intestine where it is connected to anus. Digestive system in our body Colon and rectum are both located in the digestive system. There are two partsRead MoreColorectal Cancer : The Third Most Common Type Of Cancer1296 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked as the third most common type of cancer in women. Furthermore, it is the fourth most dominant kind of cancer in men recorded all over the world. Consequently, CRC accounts for over a million new cases and more than half a million deaths every year. Colonoscopy allows early discovery and removal of precancerous lesions and may, therefore, effectively prevent or reduce the risk of Colorectal cancer. Although studies under hugely standardized conditionsRead MoreColorectal Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1140 Words   |  5 PagesColorectal cancer, also called colon cancer, is a disease in which cancer cells form in the colon, which is the upper five to six feet of the large bowel, or large intestine. Hereditary factors play a role in colorectal cancer risk, but it can also be caused by outside factors. â€Å"Excluding skin cancer, it is the third most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women in the United States† (American Cancer Society). Colore ctal cancer has been known since ancient times, and it is becoming less fatalRead MoreColorectal Cancer : Disease Risk Factor Research Paper Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesDarko Colorectal Cancer Disease Risk Factor Research Paper HLTH 435 Chronic diseases are becoming increasingly prevalent in the United States and around the world. Although preventable, chronic diseases can last anywhere from 3 months to a life time. 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These are cancers of the glandular cells that line the insideRead MoreImplementation Of A Colorectal Cancer Screening Program1958 Words   |  8 PagesImplementation of a Colorectal Cancer Screening Program in a Rural Upper Midwest Federally Funded Health Center: An Evidence Based Project One of the many goals developed by the United States Government in its Healthy People 2020 campaign was to â€Å"reduce the number of new cancer cases, as well as the illness, disability, and death caused by cancer† (Healthy People 2020, 2016). This goal is further broken down by cancer types. The goals for colorectal cancer (CRC) is to reduce the 2007 baseline mortalityRead MoreBladder Cancer873 Words   |  4 PagesBLADDER CANCER Bladder cancer is the growth of malignant cells in the urinary bladder. Most forms of bladder cancer start in the superficial layer of the transitional epithelium, and most often affect the transitional cells. It may also be called transitional cell carcinoma or even urothelial carcinoma. Urothelial carcinoma is also a term used for transitional cell cancer in the renal pelvis, ureters, and urethra. Bladder cancer is a relatively common disease. It is the fourth leading cancerRead MoreCancer : The Master Of Disguise Essay1882 Words   |  8 PagesCancer: The Master of Disguise Cancer, the second leading cause of death in the United States. It claims thousands of lives every day. From young to old, cancer does not discriminate by age, sex, race nor religion. By definition, cancer is abnormal multiplication of cells that spreads into surrounding tissues. It can also start anywhere in the human body. Most cancers actually start as tumors, which is a tissue mass that serves no purpose. Some people have no symptoms, and they usually do not findRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity3780 Words   |  16 Pagesthat endangers health (1). Obesity is a complex multifactorial disease that develops under the influence of genetic and metabolic factors, environmental, social and cultural environment, and bad habits. The causes of obesity can be multiple. The most common cause of obesity occurrence of energy imbalance. Increased intake of high-calorie foods rich in fat and refined sugars with reduced physical activity produces excess energy that is stored in the body as fat. Studies show a significant genetic influenceRead More Different Types of Cancer and Their Treatments Essay5942 Words   |  24 PagesDifferent Types of Cancer and Their Treatments All living things are made up of cells. They are the smallest things that are capable of basic life-they take in nutrients when needed, they put out waste and they reproduce. Cells divide (reproduce) at least once during their life, sometimes dozens of times. Organisms rely on this, this is how they grow or repair themselves when they are damaged. A normal body has around 30 trillion cells. Permanent gene mutations are what cause cells to malfunction

Theme Of Character Names In Catcher In The Rye - 1612 Words

â€Å"I cant explain what I mean. And even if I could, Im not sure Id feel like it†(Salinger 74). Once again Holden â€Å"holds† back from the reader to avoid saying too much about himself. Thus, to achieve the greatest knowledge of The Catcher in the Rye the reader must examine the connections between the symbolic character names and the recurring themes. From the major characters including Holden Caulfield to the minor characters such as Sally Hayes, Salinger creatively uses their names to portray their personalities. As the novel opens, Holden stands alone on a hill that separates him from the rest of his peers. His stance is ironically similar to his view of the world; as an evil and corrupt place. Thus, when Mr. Spencer tells him that life†¦show more content†¦Salinger reveals that while on the surface Holden’s personality appears to be that of a typical immature, whiny, and alienated boy he’s actually one of the few people in the story that is caring and compassionate. Even with Ackley, Holden’s neighbor at Pencey, who Holden describes as ... about 64- with lousy teeth... he had a terrible personality. He was also sort of a nasty guy. I wasnt too crazy about him, to tell you the truth(Salinger 19) Holden’s poor description of Ackley’s revolting hygiene and features immediately disgusts the reader. Ackley also resembles a reaction of disgust since â€Å"Ack† is the time of reaction evoked when people are disgusted. Ackley also sounds like acne, which is one of Ackley’s more dominant features. Holden was deeply disgusted by Ackley, but even in his distaste for his roommate, Holden still said, â€Å"I was really glad to see him. He took my mind off the other stuff †(Salinger 21). Holden’s affectionate side is also seen in his loving description of Phoebe. He says â€Å"You’d like her...she was somebody you always felt like talking to on the phone†(Salinger 37). Throughout the novel Phoebe is always one of the firstShow MoreRelatedTheme Of The Catcher In The Rye976 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger there are several different themes portrayed that widely relate to current issues of teenagers and adults alike. While reading the novel several different themes were revealed creating a deep and meaningful story line. Three themes viewed within the novel are; the phoniness of the adult world, alienation as a form of self-protection, and the painfulness of growing up. Each of these themes have large significance in character and plot developmentRead MoreHow Salinger’s Holden Caulfield Relates to Teenagers Throughout Time1412 Words   |  6 PagesHow Salinger’s Holden Caulfield Relat es to Teenagers Throughout Time In 1951, J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye was #1 on the New York Time’s bestseller list. Since then, the American Literary Association claims The Catcher in the Rye is a â€Å"favorite of censors.† The use of harsh language and profanity has been a long time debate of educators causing the novel to be pulled off bookshelves and propelling J.D. Salinger and his protagonist, Holden Caulfield, into reluctant fame. TheRead MoreThe Themes of The Catcher in the Rye840 Words   |  3 PagesConsidered one of the best novels of the 20th century, The Catcher in the Rye has affected readers around the globe since its publication in 1951. Its contemporary critics, however, gave the novel mixed reviews. Compared to the ideals of 1950s America, Holden Caulfield, the emotionally immature, extremely judgmental, teen-aged main character of â€Å"Catcher,† embodies the antithesis. Holden was an affront to the new social order, which demanded conformity and p ropagated the â€Å"father knows best† mentalityRead MoreTheme Analysis of Alienation in Books the Catcher in the Rye and 19841390 Words   |  6 Pagesoriginates in its modern form with Marx. For Marx Alienation is a Condition occurring in pre-Socialist societies, where the human Nature of man is made other than; alienate what man is really capable of being? The novels the Catcher in the Rye and 1984 Present Characters who’s Inability To conform to the norms of their Society Results in their Alienation. Alienation is a feeling of not belonging. This feeling can be physical, mental, Religious, spiritual, psychological, politicalRead MoreComparing Shakespeare s Macbeth And The Catcher 1698 Words   |  7 PagesMacbeth and The Catcher in the Rye posses similar characteristics from that of the plot to the main characters. Throughout both stories the main characters display mental illnesses that afflict their judgement and situations around them. Shakespeare and J.D. salinger have both created lasting character that continue to relate to youth and adults today, but they do so in different ways. In the course of reading Macbeth and The Catcher in the Rye there were many comparable things, such as the wayRead MoreEtymology and Symbolism of Characters Names in Catcher in the Rye1967 Words   |  8 PagesThe Etymology and Symbolism of Characters Names in Catcher in the Rye      Ã‚  Ã‚   Catcher in the Ryes pallid cover, adorned only with seven multicolored bands in its upper-left corner, is not what one would call eye-catching. Its reverse side lacks criticisms or reviews of any sort; in fact, it is bare of anything except a copyright date. Human beings are advised not to judge books by their covers, rather that they should look further than the obvious and try to apprehend the implied meaningRead MoreCatcher In The Rye Essay example1672 Words   |  7 PagesLooking In Despite the debate that may wage on regarding the status to be afforded J. D. Salingers writings, the authors books have not quietly faded into obscurity. Although published almost a half-century ago, the authors most famous work, Catcher in the Rye, enjoys almost as healthy and devoted a following today as the book did when it was first published. Because of a self-imposed exile that began almost at the same time the Salingers career was just taking off, much of the substance of theRead MoreThe Theme Of Innocence In The Catcher In The Rye1222 Words   |  5 Pagesinnocence has vanished. Although Holden Caulfield is a fictional character, he would not stand for these kinds of issues. Through Salinger’s use of symbolism and Holden’s views, he depicts the message of innocence. In The Catcher in the Rye, Holden’s hypocritical character clearly illuminates the message of children always growing-up. Because Holden is the protector, the message of innocence in The C atcher in the Rye is reinforced. The theme about innocence is that everyone tries very hard to protectRead More Catcher in the Rye Essay: Holden - The Misfit Hero2101 Words   |  9 PagesThe Misfit Hero of The Catcher In The Rye      Ã‚     The Catcher In The Rye by J.D. Salinger was published in 1951. A recurring theme in J.D. Salingers stories concerns people who dont fit in with the traditional American Culture. Salingers misfit heroes, unlike the rest of society, are caught in the struggle between a superficial world and a conscious morality (1 Wildermuth). In his attempt to create a new and realistic portrayal of the times, Salinger first, effectively creates Holden CaulfieldRead More Deceitfulness in The Scarlet Letter and The Catcher in the Rye2027 Words   |  9 PagesThe Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, and The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, both are books relating to the alienation of an individual wanting to fit into society. In the Scarlet Letter, the protagonists, Hester Prynne and Reverend Dimmesdale have committed adultery which is a sin unacceptable in the Puritan Society. Hester is married to Chillingworth, the strange doctor who is out for revenge. Pearl is born to Hester, a s an outcome of their sin however Hester does not reveal who the

Aileen Free Essays

Wuornos was born as Aileen Carol Pittman in Rochester, Michigan. She had one older brother named Keith, who was born in February 1955. Her mother, Diane Pratt, was 15 years old when she married Leo Dale Pittman on June 3, 1954. We will write a custom essay sample on Aileen or any similar topic only for you Order Now Less than two years into marriage and two months before Wuornos was born, Pratt filed for divorce. Pittman was a child molester who spent most of his life in and out of prison. Wuornos never met her father, as he was imprisoned for the rape and attempted murder of an eight-year-old boy at the time of her birth. Leo Pittman was strangled in prison in 1969. In January 1960, Pratt abandoned her children, leaving them with their maternal grandparents – Lauri and Britta Wuornos. They were legally adopted on March 18, 1960 by the Wuornos family and took their surname. From a young age, Wuornos engaged in sex with multiple partners, including her own brother. At the age of 13, she became pregnant, claiming the pregnancy was a result of being raped by an unknown man. Wuornos gave birth at a Detroit home for unwed mothers on March 23, 1971. The child, a son, was placed for adoption. On July 7, 1971 Britta Wuornos died of liver failure, after which Wuornos and her brother became wards of the court. At age 15, Wuornos’ grandfather threw her out of the house, and she began supporting herself as a prostitute. On May 27, 1974, Wuornos was arrested in Jefferson County, Colorado for drunk driving, disorderly conduct, and firing a . 22-caliber pistol from a moving vehicle. She was later charged with failure to appear. In 1976, Wuornos hitchhiked to Florida, where she met 70-year-old yacht club president Lewis Gratz Fell (June 28, 1907 — January 6, 2000). They married that same year, and the news of their nuptials was printed in the local newspaper’s society pages. However, Wuornos continually involved herself in confrontations at their local bar and was eventually sent to jail for assault. She also hit Fell with his own cane, leading him to get a restraining order against her, after which she returned to Michigan. On July 14, 1976, Wuornos was arrested in Antrim County, Michigan and charged with assault and disturbing the peace following an incident in which she threw a cue ball at a bartender’s head. On July 17, her brother Keith died of throat cancer and Wuornos acquired $10,000 from his life insurance. Wuornos and Fell divorced on July 21 after nine weeks of marriage. On May 20, 1981, Wuornos was arrested in Edgewater, Florida for the armed robbery of a convenience store. She was consequently sentenced to prison on May 4, 1982 and released on June 30, 1983. On May 1, 1984, Wuornos was arrested for attempting to pass forged checks at a bank in Key West. On November 30, 1985, she was named as a suspect in the theft of a revolver and ammunition in Pasco County. On January 4, 1986, Wuornos was arrested in Miami and charged with grand theft auto, resisting arrest and obstruction by false information (she provided identification with the name Lori Grody, her aunt). Miami police found a . 38-caliber revolver and a box of ammunition in the stolen car. On June 2, 1986, Volusia County deputies detained Wuornos for questioning after a male companion accused her of pulling a gun in his car and demanding $200. Wuornos was found to be carrying spare ammunition and a . 22 pistol was discovered beneath the passenger seat she occupied. Around this time, Wuornos met Tyria Moore, a hotel maid, at a Daytona gay bar. They moved in together, and Wuornos supported them with her prostitution earnings. On July 4, 1987, Daytona Beach police detained Wuornos and Moore at a bar for questioning regarding an incident in which they were accused of assault and battery with a beer bottle. On March 12, 1988, Wuornos accused a Daytona Beach bus driver of assault. She claimed that he pushed her off the bus following a confrontation. Moore was listed as a witness to the incident. Wuornos and Moore abandoned Peter Siems’ car after they were involved in an accident on July 4, 1990, after which Wuornos’ palm print was found. Witnesses who had seen the women driving the victims’ cars provided police with their names and descriptions, resulting in a media campaign to locate them. Police also found some of the victims’ belongings in pawnshops and retrieved fingerprints, which matched those found in the victims’ cars and on Wuornos’ arrest record. On January 9, 1991, Wuornos was arrested on an outstanding warrant at The Last Resort, a biker bar in Volusia County. Police located Moore the next day in Scranton, Pennsylvania. She agreed to get a confession from Wuornos in exchange for prosecutorial immunity Moore returned with police to Florida, where she was put up in a motel. Under police guidance, Moore made numerous telephone calls to Wuornos, pleading for help in clearing her name. Three days later, on January 16, 1991, Wuornos confessed to the murders. She claimed the men had tried to rape her and she killed them in self-defense. Wuornos went to trial for the murder of Richard Mallory on January 14, 1992. Prior bad acts are normally inadmissible in criminal trials, but under Florida’s Williams Rule, the prosecution was allowed to introduce evidence related to her other crimes in order to show a pattern of illegal acts. Wuornos was convicted for Richard Mallory’s murder on January 27, 1992 with help from Moore’s testimony. At her sentencing, psychiatrists for the defense testified that Wuornos was mentally unstable and had been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. She was sentenced to death on January 31, 1992. On March 31, 1992, Wuornos pleaded no contest to the murders of Dick Humphreys, Troy Burress and David Spears, saying she wanted to â€Å"get right with God†. In her statement to the court, she stated, â€Å"I wanted to confess to you that Richard Mallory did violently rape me as I’ve told you. But these others did not. [They] only began to start to. â€Å"On May 15, 1992, Wuornos was given three more death sentences. In June 1992, Wuornos pleaded guilty to the murder of Charles Carskaddon and received her fifth death sentence in November 1992. The defense made efforts during the trial to introduce evidence that Mallory had been tried for intent to commit rape in Maryland, and that he had been committed to a maximum security correctional facility in Maryland which provided remediation to sexual offenders. Records obtained from that institution reflected that from 1958 to 1962, Mallory was committed for treatment and observation resulting from a criminal charge of assault with intent to rape, and received an overall eight years of treatment from the facility. In 1961, â€Å"it was observed of Mr. Mallory that he possessed strong sociopathic trends. â€Å"The judge refused to allow this to be admitted in court as evidence and denied Wuornos’ request for a retrial. In February 1993, Wuornos pleaded guilty to the murder of Walter Jeno Antonio and was sentenced to death again. No charges were brought against her for the murder of Peter Siems, as his body was never found. In all, she received six death sentences. 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MA case study free essay sample

Group Case Study 1: Pricing a special order and business ethics Swift Ltd manufactures one product, a combination fertiliser–weedkiller called Fertikil. The product is sold nationwide to retail nurseries and gardening stores. Taylor Nursery plans to sell a similar fertiliser–weedkiller through its regional nursery chain under its private label. Taylor has asked Swift to submit a bid for a 25 000 kilogram order of the private brand compound. While the chemical composition of the Taylor compound differs from that of Fertikil, the manufacturing process is very similar. The Taylor compound would be produced in 1000 kilogram batches. Each batch would require 60 direct labor hours and the following chemicals: The first three chemicals (CW-3, JX-6, MZ-8) are all used in the production of Fertikil. BE-7 was used in a compound that Swift has discontinued. This chemical was not sold or discarded because it does not deteriorate and Swift has adequate storage facilities. Swift could sell BE-7 at the prevailing market price, less 20 cents per kilogram for selling and handling expenses. We will write a custom essay sample on MA case study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Swift also has on hand a chemical called CN-5, manufactured for use in another product that is no longer produced. CN-5, which cannot be used in Fertikil, can be substituted for CW-3 on a one-for-one basis without affecting the quality of the Taylor compound. The quantity of CN-5 in inventory has a salvage value of $1000. Inventory and cost data for the chemicals that can be used to produce the Taylor compound are as follows: The current direct labor rate is $14 per hour. The manufacturing overhead rate is established at the beginning of the year using direct labor hours as the base. The predetermined overhead rate for the current year, based on a two-shift capacity of 400 000 total direct labor hours with no overtime, is as follows: Swift’s production manager reports that the present equipment and facilities are adequate for manufacturing the Taylor compound. However, Swift is within 800 hours of its two-shift capacity this month before it must schedule overtime. If need be, the Taylor compound could be produced on regular time by shifting a portion of Fertikil production to overtime. Swift’s pay rate for overtime hours is one-and-a half the regular pay rate, or $21. 00 per hour. There is no allowance for any overtime premium in the manufacturing overhead rate. Swift’s standard markup policy for new products is 25 per cent of absorption manufacturing cost. Required: 1. Assume Swift Ltd has decided to submit a bid for a 25 000 kilogram order of Taylor’s new compound, to be delivered by the end of the current month. Taylor has indicated that this one-time order will not be repeated. Calculate the lowest price Swift can bid for the order and not reduce its net profit. 2. Independently of your answer to requirement 1, assume that Taylor Nursery plans to place regular orders for 25 000 kilogram lots of the new compound during the coming year. Swift expects the demand for Fertikil to remain strong, so the recurring orders from Taylor will put Swift over its two-shift capacity. However, production can be scheduled so that 60 per cent of each Taylor order can be completed during regular hours, or Fertikil production could be shifted temporarily to overtime so that the Taylor orders could be produced on regular time. Swift’s production manager has estimated that the prices of all chemicals will stabilize at the current market rates for the coming year. All other manufacturing costs are expected to be maintained at the same rates or amounts. Calculate the price Swift Ltd should quote Taylor Nursery for each 25 000 kilogram order of the new compound, assuming that there will be recurring orders during the coming year. Assume that Swift’s management believe new products sold on a recurring basis should be priced to cover their total production costs plus the standard markup. 3. Suppose Swift Ltd has submitted a bid to Taylor Nursery. However, Dalton Industries, a competitor to Swift, has submitted a lower bid. Before accepting Dalton’s bid, the owner of Taylor Nursery telephones his golfing friend, who is Swift’s production manager: I’ve got some bad news for you. Swift’s been outbid on the private label order by Dalton Industries. I’ve been thinking, though. It looks to me like Swift included some cost in its bid that could be eliminated. If you’d like to revise the Swift bid, we might be able to steer this deal your way. If it would help, I can show you Dalton’s figures Discuss the ethical issues in this scenario.