The Human Body and Mind Quiz Essay Example

The Human Body and Mind: Quiz Essay The are situated at the highest point of the mind and contain the compensatory cortex, which gets data about weight, agony, contact, and temperature from everywhere throughout the body. Parietal flaps 2. A neither increments nor diminishes the likelihood of a conduct. Nonpartisan result 3. Won a Nobel Prize for his work with salivating mutts and his hypothesis of old style molding. Ivan Pavlov 4. Was a mid twentieth century nervous system specialist who contended that the oblivious piece of the psyche contains interests, liable privileged insights, and clashes that makes themselves known In reams Freud 5. All self improvement assets depend on emplace information (perception, experimentation, and estimation). Bogus 6. Overall, individuals act contrastingly when they are a piece of a gathering. Genuine 7. The autonomic sensory system both an and c 8. Since language is too perplexing to ever be learned a tiny bit at a time, etymologist, NOAA Chomsky, contended that the human mind must contain a(n) language securing devise 9. The Cerebrum is isolated into two separate parts, which are known as the Cerebral sides of the equator 10. Basic talking Is fundamental In brain science to recognize pseudoscience and psychobabble. Bogus 11. Culture can shape your discernment. Genuine 12. An engaging report that searches for a predictable connection between two wonders is a(n relationship study 13. An early mental methodology that underscored the examination of prompt understanding into fundamental components begat by E. B. Telemeter In the late backtalk was known structuralism 14_ The primary personal growth program started In the: nineteenth century 15. The organizer of logical brain research: Wilhelm Wound (1832-1920) 16. From birth, young men and young ladies naturally realize the proper behavior. Bogus 17. Hereditary qualities can assume a significant job in mental scatters. Genuine 18. We will compose a custom paper test on The Human Body and Mind: Quiz explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on The Human Body and Mind: Quiz explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on The Human Body and Mind: Quiz explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The Hippopotamus all the above peg 128 19. What number of chromosomes produce the improvement of the human body cells? 46 20. The nerve center, the mystical, and the hippopotamus are for the most part structures that make up the limbic framework 21. In an exploratory investigation, a variable that the experimenter controls is the free factor 22. In his exploration, Dry. Fischer exhibits that an arrangement of remunerations and punisher can be utilized to shape the conduct of young kids to comply with the norms of a homeroom. Dry. Fishers way to deal with the investigation of brain science in all likelihood sticks to the viewpoint. Learning 23. In its physiological impacts, liquor is: killjoy 24. In mental exploration, a gathering of members in an investigation that precisely speak to the bigger populace that the analyst is trying is known as the delegate test 25. Newborn child reflexes, enthusiasm for curiosity, a craving to investigate and control questions, a motivation to play, and essential intellectual abilities are for the most part instances of Innate Human spot is the cerebrum 27. Discovering that includes relationship between ecological improvements and the living beings reactions is known molding 28. Lying on the couch and discussing your emotions is the main technique for psychotherapy. Lagers 29. Martha goes to Australia to contemplate the mating conduct of koala bears in their woodland environment. The information assortment technique he is utilizing is called regular perception 30. Mrs.. Maier talks about proper conduct and citizenship in her third grade homeroom. A short time later, understudies pretend a ci rcumstance with respect to the subject of sharing, and in little gatherings, talk about accepted procedures. Mrs.. Horses point of view f the investigation of brain research in all likelihood is subjective 31 . Neurons convey to different neurons and to muscles or organs in electrical and concoction language, which incorporate activity possibilities and synapses 32. Neurons speak with different neurons and a few muscles and organs in electrical language called activity potential and substance language called Neurotransmitters 33. When you have a dread of something, you will consistently have those feelings of trepidation. Bogus 34. Just young people experience peer pressure. Bogus 35. Just the things that you see and hear have mental impacts upon you. Bogus 36. Misrepresentation is a case of reasoning fundamentally bogus 37. Individuals with psychological sicknesses are crazy. Bogus 38. Rules that portray the minds association of tangible data into significant units and examples are gestalt standards 39. A technique where a specialist recommends changes in a subjects sensations, discernments, musings, emotions, or conduct is mesmerizing 40. A specialist has (LASS) has in any event while an authorized clinical social laborer a Medical Degree; a Masters in Psychology 41 . Mental exploration has changed societys perspectives on psychological maladjustments. Lament 42. A therapist who endeavors to comprehend why people are less inclined to react to a crisis while present in an enormous group versus when there are just a couple of individuals present would no doubt be a social analyst 43. Brain research is the investigation of conduct and mental procedures in people and creatures and how they are influenced by their physical state, mental state, and outer condition. Genuine 44. Brain science is discipline worried about a living beings mental state and outer condition. 45. A psychotherapist who follows the natural viewpoint would in all probability treat an achieve with tension assaults by booking the patient for biofeedback and yoga meetings. 46. Rebecca is a social clinician. She would be generally keen on examining the impacts of parental order methods on little youngsters in the U. S. When contrasted with those in Southern Europe. 47. A moderately lasting change in conduct because of experience is for the most part alluded to as learning 48. Exploration techniques in brain science may include: all the over 49. The truism, Change things I can change, acknowledge the things I can't change, and the sides to realize the distinction doesn't matter to brain science. Bogus 50. Serotonin, dopamine, acetylenes, morphogenesis, GAB, and Glutamate are all condition can assist you with gaining an alternate point of view on your circumstance. 52. Sigmund Frauds character hypothesis incorporates: Ego, Superego, old 53. The little endocrine organ that is situated at the base of the cerebrum, discharges hormones, and directs endocrine organs is the pituitary organ 54. The littlest amount of physical vitality that can be dependably recognized by a given eyewitness total edge 55. Generalizing is in every case terrible. Is: 56. A structure housed in the cochlea of the ear that contains the receptors for hearing is the organ of Court 57. An examination is intended to test the impacts of a medication to stop ongoing smoking. There are two gatherings of subjects, one getting the medication and one accepting a fake treatment. On the off chance that neither the subjects nor the experimenters realize which gathering is really accepting the medication, the structure is a twofold visually impaired 58. The investigation of brain science can explore. Help you to: both 59. A strategy of operant molding whereby the coach starts by strengthening conduct that is a propensity the correct way and bit by bit requires reactions that are increasingly more like the last wanted reaction is alluded to forming 60. That which is characterized as a psychological issue in one culture might be typical in another culture. Genuine 61. This piece of the cerebrum manages endurance drives and impulses of both the individual and the species. It is related with hunger, thirst, feelings, sex, and proliferation. It additionally manages internal heat level making the body sweat or shudder and it controls complex activities of the autonomic sensory system. The Hypothalamus 62. To discover how basic aggressive behavior at home is in everyone, a poll was conveyed to an irregular example of unknown respondents about the frequency of hitting, slapping, and punching in their homes. The technique utilized for gathering information is the overview 63. Utilizing encouraging feedback, analysts can foresee an ideal conduct: a portion of the time 64. What sorts of encounters block scholarly improvement all the over 65. Which of coming up next are viewed as the cerebrums regular sedatives? Endorphins 66. Which of the accompanying sensory systems handle the focal sensory systems input ND yield and contain all parts of the sensory system outside the mind and spinal rope down to the nerves in the tips of the fingers and toes? The Peripheral Nervous System 67. You can show an old pooch another stunt. 68. A small kid gets eager to see his father go into the house when he gets back after working all day every day. Inevitably, the youngster becomes energized when he hears his dads truck approaching the garage. As indicated by the hypothesis of traditional molding, the childs energy after observing his dad is the clamor of the truck is the adapted upgrade and Unconditioned reaction;

English Language and English Proficiency Levels Free Essays

string(89) instruments that are utilized to decide the outcomes on what is being instructed by teachers. Carrie Wertepny Domain 1: Culture (Cross-Cultural Communications) Standard 1: Culture as a Factor in ELLs’ Learning Why are having Domain’s and Standards critical to instructors? Areas and Standards have a gigantic influence in giving instructors markers on their children’s exhibitions. We as instructors need certain areas and norms on recognizing and observing the children’s exhibitions all through the study hall. Having measures permits us as educators to demonstrate their degrees of capacity and exhibitions to be met. We will compose a custom article test on English Language and English Proficiency Levels or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Their are three degrees of guidelines that can be estimated on the children’s capacity how well they perform. The three kinds of norms that instructors use are Approaches Standards, Meet Standards and Exceeds Standards. ( 2003. by educators of English speakers of different dialects, Inc, TESOL ) In Culture (Cross-Cultural Communications) the principal space of five. Thisâ is a significant factor in ELLs to learn and comprehend the language information from the different foundations. The latest study says in (2005-2006) the number of inhabitants in ELL’s is up approximatelyâ 10 percent of the all out state funded school selected and expanding each year. (Why TESOL? pg 5-6) Why TESOL? States, â€Å"Providing for the English Language students is one of the school areas most prominent difficulties. † Their are numerous pointers we can use to assist us with taking part in our children’s assorted variety. A few thoughts I discovered intriguing to help would be, showing antiques from various societies. Praising ethnic occasions during the time would be an extraordinary method to advise others and help the kids feel great. I accept that becoming more acquainted with your understudies foundation and taking part in their biographies will assist us with succeeding and be viable in their learning for ELL’s andâ their different foundation. Execution Indicators 1. 1. a. Comprehend and apply information about social qualities and convictions with regards to educating and learning of ELLs, from various foundations and at different English capability levels. 1. 1. b. Comprehend and apply information on ideas of social skill, especially information about how social characters influence learning and scholastic advancement for understudies from various foundations and at different English capability levels. 1. 1. c. Utilize a scope of assets in finding out about the social encounters of ELLs and their families to control educational program advancement and guidance. . 1. d. Comprehend and apply information about the impacts of bigotry, generalizing, and segregation in instructing and taking in of ELLs from various foundations and at different English capability levels. 1. 1. e. Comprehend and apply information about home/school associations with fabricate organizations with ELLs’ families (e. g. , Parent Leadership Cou ncils (PLC)). 1. 1. f. Comprehend and apply information about ideas identified with the interrelationship among language and culture for understudies from assorted foundations and at different English capability levels. Course| Indicator(s)| How I found out about this Standard| Evidence that I found out about this standard| TSL 4080| 1. 1| Why Tesol? Sections 1-4| Victor video, You tube| TSL 4081| | Domain 3: Methods of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Standard 1: ESL/ESOL Research and History Teachers will show information on history, open approach, research and ebb and flow rehearses in the field of ESL/ESOL educating and apply this information to improve instructing and learning for ELLs. See joined paper) Performance Indicators 3. 1. a. Exhibit information on L2 showing techniques in their chronicled setting. 3. 1. b. Exhibit consciousness of ebb and flow examine pertinent to best practices in second language and education guidance. 3. 1. c. Exhibit information on the development of laws and arrangement in the ESL calling, including program models for ELL guidance. Course| Indicator(s)| How I found out about this Standard| Evidence that I found out about this standard| TSL 4080| 3. 1| Why Tesol? School investigate paper and Reserch| TSL 4081| | Hyperlinks to (appended reports must be spared in the Portfolio envelope) Attachment(s): School explore paper URL(s): Summary: See joined paper, for Domains 1,3,5 Domain 5: Assessment (ESOL Testing and Evaluation) Standard 1: Assessment Issues for ELLS Teachers will comprehend and apply information on appraisal issues as they influence the taking in of ELLs from differing foundations and at different English capability levels. Models incorporate social and etymological predisposition; testing in two dialects; sociopolitical and mental elements; custom curriculum testing and surveying skill; the significance of guidelines; the distinction among developmental and summative evaluation; and the contrast between language capability and different sorts of appraisal (e. g. , normalized accomplishment tests). Educators will likewise comprehend issues around responsibility. This incorporates the ramifications of normalized appraisal rather than execution based evaluations, and issues of facilities in formal testing circumstances. As instructors it is essential to comprehend and be careful with the distinctive testing and evaluating the understudies. Testing and appraisal are two altogether different things. Mitchell (1992) states that a test is a â€Å"single-event, one-dimensional, and coordinated exercise, for the most part in various decision or short-answer structure. † (Why Tesol, pp 201)  Tests are given in a similar time span and the conditions never show signs of change. They call these state sanctioned tests. Not every single state administered test work for everybody, particularly English Language Learners (Ell)s . An evaluation on an understudy is a done on a more extensive scope of a scale. We as educators need to get an increasingly oral evaluation on the information, foundation, history, language where the (ELL)s originated from. After entering another school just because, us as educators need to have a deep understanding of our student’s foundation and language. We ask each parent or gatekeeper to round out a Home Language Survey (HLS) which in tails around 3-5 inquiries concerning their language utilized at home. This (HLS) will give us a sign how much school the understudy has had and a foundation about their family just as their local language. It is dependent upon chairmen to ensure the understudies are put accurately and educators to watch and archive their language development consistently. With respect to the testing and surveying, formal and casual are a kind of evaluation that is acquired to instruct ESL understudies. It is imperative to test them on their etymological aptitudes, which incorporate, phonology, morphology, language structure, and jargon. These are simply language appraisals instruments that are utilized to decide the outcomes on what is being educated by educators. You read English Language and English Proficiency Levels in class Language Formal measures depend on state sanctioned test. They are organized, coordinated and prepared to be given and controlled by exceptionally severe guidelines. It is now and again hard for and (ELL)s to step through a proper examination because of their reading,writing capacities. With respect to casual measures, they are somewhat more involved learning. As instructors we can do exercises and decide understudies qualities orally and outwardly. Their is no set time and can be given in different dialects not simply English. It is significant the understudy is evaluated effectively for the right arrangement in his/her program. It is likewise critical to comprehend the government laws that agree with the equivalent instructive open doors for all understudies paying little heed to national root, ethnicity,or dialects. (Why TESOL? , 2010)  The assent order was a law that was passed that comprises of six unique principals to be met in each area. Each (ELL)s understudy must be evaluated in six stages which include: recognizable proof, suitable and straight out programming (LEP), work force, checking and result measures. (Why TESOl? pp 210) After the (ELL)s are estimated they presently are set in a specific level. Levels, for example, (A1-E) every one of these levels demonstrate what (ESOL) administration or fundamental program they will be set into. Ensuring the best possible appraisals are given previously, during and after school is significant to ones learning. The extremely beginning of school is the most significant assessment and steps that should be taken to observe the right measures and laws for the English Language Learner. Execution Indicators 5. 1. a. Exhibit a comprehension of the reasons for evaluation as they identify with ELLs of assorted foundations and at different English capability levels. 5. 1. b. Recognize an assortment of appraisal systems proper for ELLs of various foundations and at different English capability levels. 5. 1. c. Exhibit a comprehension of proper and legitimate language and education evaluations for ELLs of different foundations and at different English capability levels. 5. 1. d. Exhibit comprehension of the focal points and restrictions of appraisals, including the variety of housing took into account ELLs of different foundations and at different English capability levels. 5. 1. e. Recognize among ELLs’ language contrasts, talent, and custom curriculum needs. Course| Indicator(s)| How I found out about this Standard| Evidence that I found out about this standard| TSL 4080| 5. 1| Why Tesol? Sections 22-26| Power point/You tube| TSL 4081| | Standard 2: Language Proficiency Assessment: Teachers will properly utilizes and decipher an assortment of language capability evaluation instruments to meet locale, state, and government rules, and to illuminate their instruc

XREG

XREG For those of you who commented in the last post or emailed me, thank you for your birthday wishes =) Im in the office today, reading applications as well as giving a presentation on MIT admissions to a group of 175 juniors who are doing a college tour of New England. It was fun to do a presentation today; I havent given a presentation since probably late October. Luckily, Ive done so many of them, I can talk about MIT on a moments notice and still do an okay job. And people laughed at my jokes, so overall Id say things went well. I think I have time tonight for one question (more soon!) before heading off to my friend Satwiks birthday shenanigans LBizzle asked, How does cross registration work and how easy is it to set up? MIT has cross registration (crossreg) with Wellesley College, Harvard University, the Massachusetts College of Art (MassArt), and the School of the Museum of Fine Arts (SMFA). Cross registration is actually surprisingly easy and a fun thing to do. My junior year, I took a class at Harvard, in the Graduate School of Education (all Harvard graduate schools except for the Business School are open to cross-registration). Basically, all I needed was a signature on a form from the Harvard professor and from my academic advisor; both were pretty much formalities. It was interesting to see how the other half lives. I was grateful for the opportunity to take a graduate-level course in education (I had many graduate-level Management courses at MIT, as theres no restrictions against it, and really theres no distinction bewteen undergraduate and graduate classes anyway). At the end of the day, I was glad to call MIT my home (as I prefer MITs housing and student life systems as well as its culture), but it was refreshing to experience a Harvard course. Probably the most popular cross registration classes for MIT students are language classes. Some of my friends cross-registered for Welsh, Gaelic, and Taiwanese. Theres no stigma against cross registration. I think many more people come in thinking theyre going to crossreg than actually do, mostly because MITs offerings in the humanities and social sciences really do meet what most MIT students are looking for. But those who do crossreg, in my experience, definitely enjoy it. Crossreg is made easier by the transportation between the campuses. Bostons public transportation is terrific. The bus and subway go directly to Harvard, while going to MassArt and SMFA require just one transfer. Wellesley is further away, in the suburbs, but because of the MIT-Wellesley partnership, theres a shuttlebus that runs directly between the two campuses. In a future post, Ill talk about partnerships between the Boston area schools, and all the interesting things that happen when two or more of Bostons 50+ universities get together. Also, Ill get to answering more of your questions. Hope youre having a great weekend! Post Tagged #cross-registration

Colorectal Cancer The Third Most Common Cancer Among Men...

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer among men and women in the United States, and mutations in the MUTYH gene significantly increase the risk of developing polyps that may evolve into cancer.1,2 Biallelic mutations in the MUTYH gene can lead to MYH-Associated Polyposis (MAP), which causes the growth of dozens to hundreds of polyps, furthering increasing the risk for colon cancer.2 Meanwhile, recent studies have shown that both biallelic and monoallelic mutations can contribute to bladder, ovarian, gastric, hepatobiliary, endometrial, and breast cancer.3 The MUTYH gene itself codes for the MYH glycosylase enzyme, which repairs mistakes in DNA caused by reactive oxygen species.3,4 Also a sign of oxidative stress, the oxidation product, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (OG), mimics thymine, eventually matching with adenine and resulting in a complete loss of the cytosine-guanine pair.4 MUTYH removes the undamaged A base from the mismatched pair, aiding in the correc tion of such damage.4 However, when MUTYH is mutated, there is an increase in G to T mutations, which can eventually affect the tumor suppressor genes APC and K-ras and lead to tumor formation.4 The MUTYH variants Y165C and G382D are the most common mutations seen in individuals with MAP, and for this reason are of great interest in research working towards reducing the risk of colorectal cancer.2,4 In recent years, the CRISPR/Cas system for gene editing has become the preferred method forShow MoreRelatedColorectal Cancer And Its Effects On The Digestive System853 Words   |  4 PagesColorectal Cancer Colorectal cancer mainly starts at colon or the rectum. They are common in most of the way like features, but they have different treatment. What is the different between colon cancer and rectum cancer? Colon cancer happens first four to five feet of the large intestine and rectal cancer happens in the last few inches of the large intestine where it is connected to anus. Digestive system in our body Colon and rectum are both located in the digestive system. There are two partsRead MoreColorectal Cancer : The Third Most Common Type Of Cancer1296 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked as the third most common type of cancer in women. Furthermore, it is the fourth most dominant kind of cancer in men recorded all over the world. Consequently, CRC accounts for over a million new cases and more than half a million deaths every year. Colonoscopy allows early discovery and removal of precancerous lesions and may, therefore, effectively prevent or reduce the risk of Colorectal cancer. Although studies under hugely standardized conditionsRead MoreColorectal Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1140 Words   |  5 PagesColorectal cancer, also called colon cancer, is a disease in which cancer cells form in the colon, which is the upper five to six feet of the large bowel, or large intestine. Hereditary factors play a role in colorectal cancer risk, but it can also be caused by outside factors. â€Å"Excluding skin cancer, it is the third most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women in the United States† (American Cancer Society). Colore ctal cancer has been known since ancient times, and it is becoming less fatalRead MoreColorectal Cancer : Disease Risk Factor Research Paper Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesDarko Colorectal Cancer Disease Risk Factor Research Paper HLTH 435 Chronic diseases are becoming increasingly prevalent in the United States and around the world. Although preventable, chronic diseases can last anywhere from 3 months to a life time. Cancer is a chronic disease that is termed epidemic because the number of cases has increased highly over the years. Colorectal cancer, also known as colon cancer is one of the many cancers and it accounts for over 9% of all cancer incidentsRead MoreColon Cancer Essay2298 Words   |  10 PagesColon Cancer What is the disease? Colon and rectal cancer develop in the digestive tract, which is also called the gastrointestinal, or GI, tract. The digestive system processes food for energy and rids the body of solid waste matter (fecal matter or stool). Colon cancer and rectal cancer have many features in common. Sometimes they are referred to together as colorectal cancer. Over 95% of colorectal cancers are ad enocarcinomas. These are cancers of the glandular cells that line the insideRead MoreImplementation Of A Colorectal Cancer Screening Program1958 Words   |  8 PagesImplementation of a Colorectal Cancer Screening Program in a Rural Upper Midwest Federally Funded Health Center: An Evidence Based Project One of the many goals developed by the United States Government in its Healthy People 2020 campaign was to â€Å"reduce the number of new cancer cases, as well as the illness, disability, and death caused by cancer† (Healthy People 2020, 2016). This goal is further broken down by cancer types. The goals for colorectal cancer (CRC) is to reduce the 2007 baseline mortalityRead MoreBladder Cancer873 Words   |  4 PagesBLADDER CANCER Bladder cancer is the growth of malignant cells in the urinary bladder. Most forms of bladder cancer start in the superficial layer of the transitional epithelium, and most often affect the transitional cells. It may also be called transitional cell carcinoma or even urothelial carcinoma. Urothelial carcinoma is also a term used for transitional cell cancer in the renal pelvis, ureters, and urethra. Bladder cancer is a relatively common disease. It is the fourth leading cancerRead MoreCancer : The Master Of Disguise Essay1882 Words   |  8 PagesCancer: The Master of Disguise Cancer, the second leading cause of death in the United States. It claims thousands of lives every day. From young to old, cancer does not discriminate by age, sex, race nor religion. By definition, cancer is abnormal multiplication of cells that spreads into surrounding tissues. It can also start anywhere in the human body. Most cancers actually start as tumors, which is a tissue mass that serves no purpose. Some people have no symptoms, and they usually do not findRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity3780 Words   |  16 Pagesthat endangers health (1). Obesity is a complex multifactorial disease that develops under the influence of genetic and metabolic factors, environmental, social and cultural environment, and bad habits. The causes of obesity can be multiple. The most common cause of obesity occurrence of energy imbalance. Increased intake of high-calorie foods rich in fat and refined sugars with reduced physical activity produces excess energy that is stored in the body as fat. Studies show a significant genetic influenceRead More Different Types of Cancer and Their Treatments Essay5942 Words   |  24 PagesDifferent Types of Cancer and Their Treatments All living things are made up of cells. They are the smallest things that are capable of basic life-they take in nutrients when needed, they put out waste and they reproduce. Cells divide (reproduce) at least once during their life, sometimes dozens of times. Organisms rely on this, this is how they grow or repair themselves when they are damaged. A normal body has around 30 trillion cells. Permanent gene mutations are what cause cells to malfunction

Theme Of Character Names In Catcher In The Rye - 1612 Words

â€Å"I cant explain what I mean. And even if I could, Im not sure Id feel like it†(Salinger 74). Once again Holden â€Å"holds† back from the reader to avoid saying too much about himself. Thus, to achieve the greatest knowledge of The Catcher in the Rye the reader must examine the connections between the symbolic character names and the recurring themes. From the major characters including Holden Caulfield to the minor characters such as Sally Hayes, Salinger creatively uses their names to portray their personalities. As the novel opens, Holden stands alone on a hill that separates him from the rest of his peers. His stance is ironically similar to his view of the world; as an evil and corrupt place. Thus, when Mr. Spencer tells him that life†¦show more content†¦Salinger reveals that while on the surface Holden’s personality appears to be that of a typical immature, whiny, and alienated boy he’s actually one of the few people in the story that is caring and compassionate. Even with Ackley, Holden’s neighbor at Pencey, who Holden describes as ... about 64- with lousy teeth... he had a terrible personality. He was also sort of a nasty guy. I wasnt too crazy about him, to tell you the truth(Salinger 19) Holden’s poor description of Ackley’s revolting hygiene and features immediately disgusts the reader. Ackley also resembles a reaction of disgust since â€Å"Ack† is the time of reaction evoked when people are disgusted. Ackley also sounds like acne, which is one of Ackley’s more dominant features. Holden was deeply disgusted by Ackley, but even in his distaste for his roommate, Holden still said, â€Å"I was really glad to see him. He took my mind off the other stuff †(Salinger 21). Holden’s affectionate side is also seen in his loving description of Phoebe. He says â€Å"You’d like her...she was somebody you always felt like talking to on the phone†(Salinger 37). Throughout the novel Phoebe is always one of the firstShow MoreRelatedTheme Of The Catcher In The Rye976 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger there are several different themes portrayed that widely relate to current issues of teenagers and adults alike. While reading the novel several different themes were revealed creating a deep and meaningful story line. Three themes viewed within the novel are; the phoniness of the adult world, alienation as a form of self-protection, and the painfulness of growing up. Each of these themes have large significance in character and plot developmentRead MoreHow Salinger’s Holden Caulfield Relates to Teenagers Throughout Time1412 Words   |  6 PagesHow Salinger’s Holden Caulfield Relat es to Teenagers Throughout Time In 1951, J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye was #1 on the New York Time’s bestseller list. Since then, the American Literary Association claims The Catcher in the Rye is a â€Å"favorite of censors.† The use of harsh language and profanity has been a long time debate of educators causing the novel to be pulled off bookshelves and propelling J.D. Salinger and his protagonist, Holden Caulfield, into reluctant fame. TheRead MoreThe Themes of The Catcher in the Rye840 Words   |  3 PagesConsidered one of the best novels of the 20th century, The Catcher in the Rye has affected readers around the globe since its publication in 1951. Its contemporary critics, however, gave the novel mixed reviews. Compared to the ideals of 1950s America, Holden Caulfield, the emotionally immature, extremely judgmental, teen-aged main character of â€Å"Catcher,† embodies the antithesis. Holden was an affront to the new social order, which demanded conformity and p ropagated the â€Å"father knows best† mentalityRead MoreTheme Analysis of Alienation in Books the Catcher in the Rye and 19841390 Words   |  6 Pagesoriginates in its modern form with Marx. For Marx Alienation is a Condition occurring in pre-Socialist societies, where the human Nature of man is made other than; alienate what man is really capable of being? The novels the Catcher in the Rye and 1984 Present Characters who’s Inability To conform to the norms of their Society Results in their Alienation. Alienation is a feeling of not belonging. This feeling can be physical, mental, Religious, spiritual, psychological, politicalRead MoreComparing Shakespeare s Macbeth And The Catcher 1698 Words   |  7 PagesMacbeth and The Catcher in the Rye posses similar characteristics from that of the plot to the main characters. Throughout both stories the main characters display mental illnesses that afflict their judgement and situations around them. Shakespeare and J.D. salinger have both created lasting character that continue to relate to youth and adults today, but they do so in different ways. In the course of reading Macbeth and The Catcher in the Rye there were many comparable things, such as the wayRead MoreEtymology and Symbolism of Characters Names in Catcher in the Rye1967 Words   |  8 PagesThe Etymology and Symbolism of Characters Names in Catcher in the Rye      Ã‚  Ã‚   Catcher in the Ryes pallid cover, adorned only with seven multicolored bands in its upper-left corner, is not what one would call eye-catching. Its reverse side lacks criticisms or reviews of any sort; in fact, it is bare of anything except a copyright date. Human beings are advised not to judge books by their covers, rather that they should look further than the obvious and try to apprehend the implied meaningRead MoreCatcher In The Rye Essay example1672 Words   |  7 PagesLooking In Despite the debate that may wage on regarding the status to be afforded J. D. Salingers writings, the authors books have not quietly faded into obscurity. Although published almost a half-century ago, the authors most famous work, Catcher in the Rye, enjoys almost as healthy and devoted a following today as the book did when it was first published. Because of a self-imposed exile that began almost at the same time the Salingers career was just taking off, much of the substance of theRead MoreThe Theme Of Innocence In The Catcher In The Rye1222 Words   |  5 Pagesinnocence has vanished. Although Holden Caulfield is a fictional character, he would not stand for these kinds of issues. Through Salinger’s use of symbolism and Holden’s views, he depicts the message of innocence. In The Catcher in the Rye, Holden’s hypocritical character clearly illuminates the message of children always growing-up. Because Holden is the protector, the message of innocence in The C atcher in the Rye is reinforced. The theme about innocence is that everyone tries very hard to protectRead More Catcher in the Rye Essay: Holden - The Misfit Hero2101 Words   |  9 PagesThe Misfit Hero of The Catcher In The Rye      Ã‚     The Catcher In The Rye by J.D. Salinger was published in 1951. A recurring theme in J.D. Salingers stories concerns people who dont fit in with the traditional American Culture. Salingers misfit heroes, unlike the rest of society, are caught in the struggle between a superficial world and a conscious morality (1 Wildermuth). In his attempt to create a new and realistic portrayal of the times, Salinger first, effectively creates Holden CaulfieldRead More Deceitfulness in The Scarlet Letter and The Catcher in the Rye2027 Words   |  9 PagesThe Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, and The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, both are books relating to the alienation of an individual wanting to fit into society. In the Scarlet Letter, the protagonists, Hester Prynne and Reverend Dimmesdale have committed adultery which is a sin unacceptable in the Puritan Society. Hester is married to Chillingworth, the strange doctor who is out for revenge. Pearl is born to Hester, a s an outcome of their sin however Hester does not reveal who the

Aileen Free Essays

Wuornos was born as Aileen Carol Pittman in Rochester, Michigan. She had one older brother named Keith, who was born in February 1955. Her mother, Diane Pratt, was 15 years old when she married Leo Dale Pittman on June 3, 1954. We will write a custom essay sample on Aileen or any similar topic only for you Order Now Less than two years into marriage and two months before Wuornos was born, Pratt filed for divorce. Pittman was a child molester who spent most of his life in and out of prison. Wuornos never met her father, as he was imprisoned for the rape and attempted murder of an eight-year-old boy at the time of her birth. Leo Pittman was strangled in prison in 1969. In January 1960, Pratt abandoned her children, leaving them with their maternal grandparents – Lauri and Britta Wuornos. They were legally adopted on March 18, 1960 by the Wuornos family and took their surname. From a young age, Wuornos engaged in sex with multiple partners, including her own brother. At the age of 13, she became pregnant, claiming the pregnancy was a result of being raped by an unknown man. Wuornos gave birth at a Detroit home for unwed mothers on March 23, 1971. The child, a son, was placed for adoption. On July 7, 1971 Britta Wuornos died of liver failure, after which Wuornos and her brother became wards of the court. At age 15, Wuornos’ grandfather threw her out of the house, and she began supporting herself as a prostitute. On May 27, 1974, Wuornos was arrested in Jefferson County, Colorado for drunk driving, disorderly conduct, and firing a . 22-caliber pistol from a moving vehicle. She was later charged with failure to appear. In 1976, Wuornos hitchhiked to Florida, where she met 70-year-old yacht club president Lewis Gratz Fell (June 28, 1907 — January 6, 2000). They married that same year, and the news of their nuptials was printed in the local newspaper’s society pages. However, Wuornos continually involved herself in confrontations at their local bar and was eventually sent to jail for assault. She also hit Fell with his own cane, leading him to get a restraining order against her, after which she returned to Michigan. On July 14, 1976, Wuornos was arrested in Antrim County, Michigan and charged with assault and disturbing the peace following an incident in which she threw a cue ball at a bartender’s head. On July 17, her brother Keith died of throat cancer and Wuornos acquired $10,000 from his life insurance. Wuornos and Fell divorced on July 21 after nine weeks of marriage. On May 20, 1981, Wuornos was arrested in Edgewater, Florida for the armed robbery of a convenience store. She was consequently sentenced to prison on May 4, 1982 and released on June 30, 1983. On May 1, 1984, Wuornos was arrested for attempting to pass forged checks at a bank in Key West. On November 30, 1985, she was named as a suspect in the theft of a revolver and ammunition in Pasco County. On January 4, 1986, Wuornos was arrested in Miami and charged with grand theft auto, resisting arrest and obstruction by false information (she provided identification with the name Lori Grody, her aunt). Miami police found a . 38-caliber revolver and a box of ammunition in the stolen car. On June 2, 1986, Volusia County deputies detained Wuornos for questioning after a male companion accused her of pulling a gun in his car and demanding $200. Wuornos was found to be carrying spare ammunition and a . 22 pistol was discovered beneath the passenger seat she occupied. Around this time, Wuornos met Tyria Moore, a hotel maid, at a Daytona gay bar. They moved in together, and Wuornos supported them with her prostitution earnings. On July 4, 1987, Daytona Beach police detained Wuornos and Moore at a bar for questioning regarding an incident in which they were accused of assault and battery with a beer bottle. On March 12, 1988, Wuornos accused a Daytona Beach bus driver of assault. She claimed that he pushed her off the bus following a confrontation. Moore was listed as a witness to the incident. Wuornos and Moore abandoned Peter Siems’ car after they were involved in an accident on July 4, 1990, after which Wuornos’ palm print was found. Witnesses who had seen the women driving the victims’ cars provided police with their names and descriptions, resulting in a media campaign to locate them. Police also found some of the victims’ belongings in pawnshops and retrieved fingerprints, which matched those found in the victims’ cars and on Wuornos’ arrest record. On January 9, 1991, Wuornos was arrested on an outstanding warrant at The Last Resort, a biker bar in Volusia County. Police located Moore the next day in Scranton, Pennsylvania. She agreed to get a confession from Wuornos in exchange for prosecutorial immunity Moore returned with police to Florida, where she was put up in a motel. Under police guidance, Moore made numerous telephone calls to Wuornos, pleading for help in clearing her name. Three days later, on January 16, 1991, Wuornos confessed to the murders. She claimed the men had tried to rape her and she killed them in self-defense. Wuornos went to trial for the murder of Richard Mallory on January 14, 1992. Prior bad acts are normally inadmissible in criminal trials, but under Florida’s Williams Rule, the prosecution was allowed to introduce evidence related to her other crimes in order to show a pattern of illegal acts. Wuornos was convicted for Richard Mallory’s murder on January 27, 1992 with help from Moore’s testimony. At her sentencing, psychiatrists for the defense testified that Wuornos was mentally unstable and had been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. She was sentenced to death on January 31, 1992. On March 31, 1992, Wuornos pleaded no contest to the murders of Dick Humphreys, Troy Burress and David Spears, saying she wanted to â€Å"get right with God†. In her statement to the court, she stated, â€Å"I wanted to confess to you that Richard Mallory did violently rape me as I’ve told you. But these others did not. [They] only began to start to. â€Å"On May 15, 1992, Wuornos was given three more death sentences. In June 1992, Wuornos pleaded guilty to the murder of Charles Carskaddon and received her fifth death sentence in November 1992. The defense made efforts during the trial to introduce evidence that Mallory had been tried for intent to commit rape in Maryland, and that he had been committed to a maximum security correctional facility in Maryland which provided remediation to sexual offenders. Records obtained from that institution reflected that from 1958 to 1962, Mallory was committed for treatment and observation resulting from a criminal charge of assault with intent to rape, and received an overall eight years of treatment from the facility. In 1961, â€Å"it was observed of Mr. Mallory that he possessed strong sociopathic trends. â€Å"The judge refused to allow this to be admitted in court as evidence and denied Wuornos’ request for a retrial. In February 1993, Wuornos pleaded guilty to the murder of Walter Jeno Antonio and was sentenced to death again. No charges were brought against her for the murder of Peter Siems, as his body was never found. In all, she received six death sentences. 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MA case study free essay sample

Group Case Study 1: Pricing a special order and business ethics Swift Ltd manufactures one product, a combination fertiliser–weedkiller called Fertikil. The product is sold nationwide to retail nurseries and gardening stores. Taylor Nursery plans to sell a similar fertiliser–weedkiller through its regional nursery chain under its private label. Taylor has asked Swift to submit a bid for a 25 000 kilogram order of the private brand compound. While the chemical composition of the Taylor compound differs from that of Fertikil, the manufacturing process is very similar. The Taylor compound would be produced in 1000 kilogram batches. Each batch would require 60 direct labor hours and the following chemicals: The first three chemicals (CW-3, JX-6, MZ-8) are all used in the production of Fertikil. BE-7 was used in a compound that Swift has discontinued. This chemical was not sold or discarded because it does not deteriorate and Swift has adequate storage facilities. Swift could sell BE-7 at the prevailing market price, less 20 cents per kilogram for selling and handling expenses. We will write a custom essay sample on MA case study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Swift also has on hand a chemical called CN-5, manufactured for use in another product that is no longer produced. CN-5, which cannot be used in Fertikil, can be substituted for CW-3 on a one-for-one basis without affecting the quality of the Taylor compound. The quantity of CN-5 in inventory has a salvage value of $1000. Inventory and cost data for the chemicals that can be used to produce the Taylor compound are as follows: The current direct labor rate is $14 per hour. The manufacturing overhead rate is established at the beginning of the year using direct labor hours as the base. The predetermined overhead rate for the current year, based on a two-shift capacity of 400 000 total direct labor hours with no overtime, is as follows: Swift’s production manager reports that the present equipment and facilities are adequate for manufacturing the Taylor compound. However, Swift is within 800 hours of its two-shift capacity this month before it must schedule overtime. If need be, the Taylor compound could be produced on regular time by shifting a portion of Fertikil production to overtime. Swift’s pay rate for overtime hours is one-and-a half the regular pay rate, or $21. 00 per hour. There is no allowance for any overtime premium in the manufacturing overhead rate. Swift’s standard markup policy for new products is 25 per cent of absorption manufacturing cost. Required: 1. Assume Swift Ltd has decided to submit a bid for a 25 000 kilogram order of Taylor’s new compound, to be delivered by the end of the current month. Taylor has indicated that this one-time order will not be repeated. Calculate the lowest price Swift can bid for the order and not reduce its net profit. 2. Independently of your answer to requirement 1, assume that Taylor Nursery plans to place regular orders for 25 000 kilogram lots of the new compound during the coming year. Swift expects the demand for Fertikil to remain strong, so the recurring orders from Taylor will put Swift over its two-shift capacity. However, production can be scheduled so that 60 per cent of each Taylor order can be completed during regular hours, or Fertikil production could be shifted temporarily to overtime so that the Taylor orders could be produced on regular time. Swift’s production manager has estimated that the prices of all chemicals will stabilize at the current market rates for the coming year. All other manufacturing costs are expected to be maintained at the same rates or amounts. Calculate the price Swift Ltd should quote Taylor Nursery for each 25 000 kilogram order of the new compound, assuming that there will be recurring orders during the coming year. Assume that Swift’s management believe new products sold on a recurring basis should be priced to cover their total production costs plus the standard markup. 3. Suppose Swift Ltd has submitted a bid to Taylor Nursery. However, Dalton Industries, a competitor to Swift, has submitted a lower bid. Before accepting Dalton’s bid, the owner of Taylor Nursery telephones his golfing friend, who is Swift’s production manager: I’ve got some bad news for you. Swift’s been outbid on the private label order by Dalton Industries. I’ve been thinking, though. It looks to me like Swift included some cost in its bid that could be eliminated. If you’d like to revise the Swift bid, we might be able to steer this deal your way. If it would help, I can show you Dalton’s figures Discuss the ethical issues in this scenario.

An Interpretation of Stairway to Heaven free essay sample

The band opens with a solemn, gloomy tone as they discuss the lady whos sure that all that glitters is gold. The woman may represent the increasing materialism of society during the 1 asss and the following decades. This materialism thats so widespread in the mindset of individuals, specifically this woman, has led them to believe that material possession will assist one on the road to heaven. This interpreted from the line And shes buying a stairway to heaven. The woman continues to spend and spend with hopes that it will help solve all of her problems. She continues to chase after these possessions and continues to be greedy. The word heaven may not connotation to one that is religious but one that symbolizes a state of happiness which is supposedly achieved through wealth or even power. This idea is a mere illusion,as revealed later in the song that greed and materialism can negatively affect ones soul. We will write a custom essay sample on An Interpretation of Stairway to Heaven or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And as we wind down the road, our shadows taller than our soul.The bands use of diction, the word shadows, is likewise a use of imagery that holds a deeper meaning. One interpretation as provided by the Rock Genius is that the bad we may have done (metaphoric to our shadows), can stand out more than the goodness of our soul. The setting of the sun is yet another metaphor used to represent the end of a day or even life. The shadow created although its part of the physical world, is still transient. It holds no importance, not in comparison to the soul which is more real.Therefore, for a shadow to be taller than a soul, shows that humans that are materialistic are shallow which disgusts the singers Zeppelin as their spirit is crying for leaving. It really make me wonder It really makes the listener wonder. This line of the song, which is often repeated throughout the song is a rhetorical question both the embers of the band and the listener question about the human perception of wealth and power and the effects it has on them.With repetition, Zeppelin reiterates that there is no connection between wealth and happiness. By the end of the song Robert Plant of Led Zeppelin sings about how if you listen very hard, the tune will come to you at last, when we all are one and one is all, to be a rock and not to roll. Zeppelin then restores hope and reminds listeners that it is never too late to see the mistakes of ones actions and that if you listen very hard, the message that the song holds will come to you at last. An Interpretation of Stairway to Heaven free essay sample The band opens with a solemn, gloomy tone as they discuss the lady whos sure that all that glitters is gold. The woman may represent the increasing materialism of society during the 1 asss and the following decades. This materialism thats so Dispersed in the mindset of individuals, specifically this woman, has led them to believe that material possession will assist one on the road to heaven. This Interpreted from the line And shes buying a stairway to heaven.The woman continues to spend and spend with hopes that It will help solve all of her problems. She continues to chase after these possessions and continues to be greedy. The word ;heaven may not connotes to one that Is religious but one that symbolizes a state of happiness which Is supposedly achieved through wealth or even power. This Idea Is a mere Illusion,as revealed later In the song that greed and materialism can negatively affect ones soul. We will write a custom essay sample on An Interpretation of Stairway to Heaven or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And as we wind down the road, our shadows taller than our soul.The bands use of diction, the word shadows, Is Likewise a use of Imagery that holds a deeper meaning. One Interpretation as provided by the Rock Genius Is that the bad we may have done (metaphoric to our shadows can stand out more than the goodness of our soul. The setting of the sun is yet another metaphor used to represent the end off day or even life. The shadow created although its part of the physical world, is still transient. It holds no importance, not in comparison to the soul Inch is more real.Therefore, for a shadow to be taller than a soul, shows that humans that are materialistic are shallow which disgusts the singers Zeppelin as their spirit is crying for leaving. It really make me wonder- It really makes the listener wonder. This line of the song, which is often repeated throughout the song, is a rhetorical question both the members of the band and the listener question about he human perception of wealth and power and the effects it has on them.With repetition, Zeppelin reiterates that there is no connection between wealth and happiness. By the end of the song Robert Plant of Led Zeppelin sings about how if you listen very hard, the tune will come to you at last, when we all are one and one is all, to be a rock and not to roll. Zeppelin then restores hope and reminds listeners that it is never too late to see the mistakes of ones actions and that if you listen very hard, the message that the song holds will come to you at last.

Stress & Technology essays

Stress & Technology essays Technology and Stress in the Workplace Western movies have always portrayed cowboys with guns on their hips. Whoever draws the fastest, got to live longer than their opponents. Twenty- first century technology has replaced the guns with cell phones, blackberries, laptop computers, palm-pilots and other electronic gadgets. Memos that used to be type-written then mailed, progressed to being faxed when fax machines were invented. Electronic mail replaced the type-written variety and made communication globally instantaneous. Internet technologies and e-mail demand that employees respond immediately to requests for information. Executives nowadays are expected to be reached at anytime, anywhere, enabling them to have access to many sources of information as they become available. Incoming trays in offices were slowly replaced by e-mail inboxes. James Sewell in his article Handling the Stress of the Electronic World, wrote that the number of e-mail messages sent from businesses in North America has risen from 40 bill ion in 1995 to an estimated 1.4 trillion in 2001 (2003, para. 2). These improvements in technology have direct effects on stress in the workplace. They can relieve or cause stress, depending on the perception of the sender or the receiver. Speck defines stress as reaction to pressure, which may be positive or negative (1993, para. 3). Increased communication through the rampant use of cell phones and electronic mail between co-workers can both be an advantage and a disadvantage. The ability to rely on and base business decisions on the most recent information is definitely an advantage. Just in time communication is key to the growth and success of the business. However, receiving the average of 30 e-mails a day can prove to be a great distraction. Many computers announce incoming mail with the ding of a bell, and users frequently stop what they are doi...

D1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

D1 - Assignment Example But above all, the most important aspect is knowing how to use the code of conducts, since the application of the ethical code of conduct is the ultimate goal, to realize a good and fruitful relationship between children and their administrators (Feeney & Freeman, 2005). The knowledge of the NAEYC Code of Ethical Conduct impacts on how I solve ethical dilemma that may arise between me and the children. While working with children, it is fundamental to understand that some of the most important values upheld by the children may conflict, thus creating an ethical dilemma (Feeney & Freeman, 2005). Nevertheless, with the knowledge of the NAEYC Code of Ethical Conduct, it becomes easy to negotiate between the values and arrive at a decision that is neither contradictory nor inappropriate to the belief and value system of the child’s family, in the realization of the importance of the bond between a child and family (Feeney & Freeman,

Advanced Bioinformatics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advanced Bioinformatics - Essay Example Bioinformatics is mainly directed on facilitation of ideas and obtained data. Biological research turns into an interesting and not a really hard task, when computer deals with information processing. These days bioinformatics is focused on answering the following questions: a question about new genes, protein functioning, finding the difference between healthy cell genes and cancer cells genes etc. As far as we can see, these global biological issues are solved from a quite different perspective. Bioinformatics reconsiders previous approaches and methods used in biology, and make them more advanced and modern, while there is a combination with computer science and information techniques. There are some exact benefits of bioinformatics in the face of the coming age. For example, various diseases are treated in an innovative way, protein function is considered in details nowadays, innovative drugs and medicine are on the way to discovery, microarrays are applied for diagnosis, genetically modified foods occupy its niche in the modern market and so on. All these benefits and innovative visions and approaches are mediated by means of bioinformatics. It is relevant to look beyond the initial objective of bioinformatics, which was focused on biological data analysis only. Nowadays this scientific field includes many other studies, such as genomics, gene expression studies, structural biology, etc. (Luscombe, p. 356) Biological processes should be processed by means of computation and this can be explained in the following way: the experiments focused on design of biological data or application of innovative technology in the field of data mining are mediated and facilitated by computational methods and approaches for sure (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2004) . Drug discovery is the issue of crucial importance nowadays. The leading pharmaceutical companies are operating on

Detection of Low Level Sex Chromosome Mosaicism

Detection of Low Level Sex Chromosome Mosaicism Abstract Turner syndrome (TS) is most commonly due to a 45,X chromosome defect, but is also seen in patients with a variety of X-chromosome abnormalities or 45,X/46,XY mosaicism. The phenotype of TS patients is highly variable, and depends largely on the karyotype. Patients are at an increased risk of gonadoblastoma when a Y derived chromosome or chromosome fragment is present. Since constitutional mosaicism is present in approximately 50% of TS patients, the identification of minor cell populations is clinically important and a challenge to laboratories. Aim: The purpose of the present study was the application of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay to identify low level mosaicism for an XY or XX cell population for TS patients with monosomy X and also to identify the nature of sex chromosome markers detected by conventional cytogenetic studies. Methods: The study included 65 female patients with a clinical suspicion of TS, they were selected from the Genetic Clinic, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria. Chromosome analysis by G-banding technique was done. FISH was performed using centromere probes for the X and Y chromosomes. Results: Chromosome analysis by G-banding technique revealed the following results: twenty patients (30.77%) had a 45,X karyotype; mosaicism for a second normal or structurally abnormal X was observed in 27 (41.54%) cases, mosaicism for Y chromosome in 5 (7.69%) cases, 7 (10.77) had mosaicism involving a marker chromosome; and non mosaic structural abnormalities of the X chromosome was present in 6 (9.23%) patients.To further investigate the possibility of mosaicism in the 20 patients with an apparently nonmosaic 45,X karyotype, and to identify the nature of chromosome markers in the 7 patients carrying a marker, FISH was performed using centromere probes for the X and Y chromosomes. A minor XX cell line was identified in 6 patients, XY mosaicism were identified in 3 cases and the 45, X result was confirmed in 11 samples. FISH analysis performed on the 7 patients with chromosome markers, identified the origin of these markers as X chromosome material in 3 patients, and Y-derived chro mosome in 4 patients (idic Y with a double hybridization signal corresponding to double centromeric region). Conclusion: FISH is a useful tool in the detection of low frequency cell lines and identification of the nature of unknown chromosome markers that have important implications for the management of patients with Turner syndrome. FISH as an adjunct to karyotype analysis provides a sensitive, specific, rapid, and informative technique to identify sex chromosome mosaicism in TS patients. Key Words: Turner syndrome, monosomy X, mosaicism, 46, XY cell line, gonadoblastoma. INTRODUCTION The incidence of Turner syndrome (TS) is approximately one in 3,000 newborn girls and is associated with an apparently nonmosaic 45, X karyotype in many of these patients.(1) Based on chromosome analysis 30%-50% are mosaic with  a second X or a structurally abnormal X, and  fewer than 10% of TS patients have mosaicism with a 46, XY cell population or a Y chromosome rearrangement. The mosaic status of the remaining TS patients remains uncertain but of clinical interest because if they do have cells with a Y chromosome or Y-derived fragment, they may have an increased risk of gonadoblastoma.(2) Because a 45, X karyotype usually causes fetal death, it has been postulated that all liveborn 45,X infants must be mosaic with either a Y or a second X in some cells.(3) The hypothesis of the necessity of mosaicism for survival is supported by the argument for the existence of a feto-protective effect of one or more genes on the sex chromosomes (X or Y). According to this concept, two copies of the gene(s) should be present, either in the fetus or in the extra-embryonic tissues.(4) Both, embryonic mortality and the Turner phenotype, are considered to be a result of monosomy of a common gene (s) of the X and Y chromosomes. It is assumed that, in women, these genes are expressed in both active and inactive X chromosomes as a means of ensuring the right quantity of genetic product.(5) The American College of Medical Genetics recommends cytogenetic analysis of 30 metaphase cells to rule out sex chromosome mosaicism.(6) This analysis can identify 10% mosaicism with  a confidence level of 95% but a more sensitive  level of detection requires analysis of many more metaphase cells, which is costly. PCR-based assays have been used to identify low-level mosaicism.(7) Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using X and Y chromosome probes has been validated (8) as a reflex test in apparently nonmosaic 45,X individuals to identify low-level mosaicism.(2,9) One of the advantages of applying the FISH technique is the possibility of studying mosaicism in both interphase nuclei and metaphases.(5) The purpose of the present study was to show the value of FISH analysis to identify low level sex chromosome mosaicism in Turner syndrome with nonmosaic monosomy X, and also to identify the nature of marker chromosomes detected by conventional cytogenetic studies. METHODS The study included 65 patients with clinical features suggestive of TS, they were selected from the out patient clinic, Human Genetics Department, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria over a period of 4 years. Chromosomes were prepared according to standard techniques for culturing lymphocytes from peripheral blood, and the preparation was treated with trypsin to obtain G-banding.(10) A minimum of 30 metaphases were analysed, and 3 were photographed for each patient. FISH analysis using the classic alpha-satellite probes for the X [DXZ1] and Y [DYZ3] centromeres (CEP-X and CEP-Y, Vysis Inc., spectrum green hybridizes to the centromere of human chromosome X, and spectrum orange hybridizes to the centromere of human chromosome Y) was performed in cases with nonmosaic 45, X karyotype to detect low level sex chromosome mosaicism and also in cases with chromosome markers to identify the nature of these markers. The protocol followed was that provided by the manufacturer. The normal cutoff was determined to be 1.0% for a second X signal and 0.6% for a Y signal in analysis of 500 interphase cells. (11) Whenever interphase FISH analysis revealed evidence of a second cell population, a search was undertaken using FISH for metaphase cells to confirm its presence and examine the structure of the sex chromosomes in that population. FISH was performed in the Genetic Center, Genetic Counseling Society, Alexandria. Statistical analysis: Data were presented in the form of frequency and percentages. RESULTS Based on G-banded chromosome analysis of a minimum of 30 metaphase cells for the 65 patients included in this study, 45,X karyotype was found in 20 cases (30.77%), various mosaic complements was detected in 39 (60%), and non mosaic structural abnormalities of the X chromosome in 6 (9.23%) (table I). Mosaicism detected were as follow: 8 (12.31%) with numerical mosaicism involving  the X chromosome, 19 (29.23%) with structural mosaicism of the X chromosome, 5 (7.69%) with Y chromosome mosaicism, and 7 (10.77%) with mosaicism involving a marker chromosome, the level of mosaicism ranged from 8% to 86%. FISH analysis, using centromere probes for the X and Y chromosomes, identified mosaicism with a second X chromosome in 6 of the 20 patients with an apparently non-mosaic 45,X karyotype. The level of mosaicism detected ranged from 3.8% to 8.2%. Mosaicism with a Y chromosome was detected  in 3 patients, the level of mosaicism ranged from 2.4% to 7.2% (table II) (figure1). FISH improved the identification of mosaicism from 60% (39/65) to about 73.85% (48/65). FISH analysis performed on the 7 patients with chromosome markers, identified the nature of these markers as X chromosome material in 3 patients, and Y-derived chromosome in 4 patients (idic Y with a double hybridization signal corresponding to double centromeric region) (table III). FISH highlighted the differences between the initial diagnosis, based on G-banding, and the final diagnosis, determined by specific probes for the  X and Y chromosomes. FISH analysis detected  more Y-chromosomal material than karyotyping (18.46% (12/65) vs. 7.69% (5/65), respectively), and also detected more X-chromosomal mosaicism among the TS patients (55.38% (36/65) vs. 41.54% (27/65), respectively). Clinical, ultrasound and laparoscopic examination of gonads in patients with Y chromosome material revealed normal females with bilateral rudimentary streak gonads in 9 patients and females with clitoromegaly, unilateral streak gonads, and contralateral intraabdominal testis in 3 patients. Interphase cells showing one green signal of the X chromosome Interphase cell showing 2 green signals for X chromosome Interphase cell with one green signal for X chromosome and one red signal for Y chromosome Metaphase cell with one green signal for X chromosome and one red signal for Y chromosome DISCUSSION An estimated 1 in 50 conceptuses is affected with TS. However, only 1% of TS conceptuses survive to birth. It has been observed that there is a higher ratio of mosaic karyotypes to monosomy X in live births compared to aborted fetuses. This finding has led to speculation that most if not all patients born with TS must have mosaicism.(3) Phenotypic expression in TS patients largely depends on the karyotype, and identification of  sex chromosome mosaicism plays a key role in clinical management. Patients with documented mosaicism for a 46, XX or duplication of the  long arm have a moderate phenotype. Mental retardation is seen more frequently in patients with a small ring chromosome and deletion of the X-inactivation center (XIST).(12) Patients with a Y or Y-derived chromosome identified by routine  G-banding analysis may have as high as a 30%  risk of developing gonadoblastoma, although  most reports suggest an incidence of 7%-  10%. Therefore, identification of low level  Y chromosome mosaicism is also clinically important.(13)   Out of the 65 patients included in the present study, 45, X karyotype was found in 20 cases (30.77%), various mosaic complements was  detected in 39 (60%), and non mosaic structural abnormalities of the X chromosome in 6 (9.23%). Previous studies reported constitutional mosaicism in approximately 50% of TS patients based on chromosome analysis.(14) The detection of mosaicism is mainly influenced by the type and number of tissues analysed, the number of cells studied, and the sensitivity of the techniques applied.(4,5,15) FISH analysis of the 20 patients with 45, X karyotype included in the present study detected mosaicism in 9 patients: 6 had an XX cell line, and  3 had Y chromosome material. Therefore, FISH improved the identification of mosaicism from 60% to about 73.85%. Van Dyke and Wiktor (11) reported that FISH analysis improves the identification of mosaicism from 55% to 67% in patients with nonmosaic 45,X karyotype.They concluded that the identification of a cell population with a second X chromosome is sufficient to exclude, with a high degree of confidence, the presence of a Y-bearing cell population in that patient. Other investigators compared the results of lymphocyte G-banded karyotype with the use of interphase X/Y FISH analysis. They detected more Y-chromosomal matrial by FISH than karyotyping (in 15% vs. 11% of the women, respectively) and also detected more X-chromosomal mosaicism among the TS women (in 70% vs. 45% of the women respectively). They suggested the use of X/Y interpha se FISH as a complement to karyotyping in order to obtain a more complete knowledge of the chromosome constitution of each individuals with TS.(16) The Y-chromosomal material in TS individuals  is often present in the form of small marker chromosomes, which are difficult to positively identify by routine karyotyping. Furthermore, small markers are frequently missed altogether using  this technique, especially if limited numbers of metaphases are evaluated.(17) In the present  study, 7 (10.77%) patients were detected with mosaicism involving a marker chromosome, FISH analysis identified the origin of these markers as X chromosome material in 3 patients, and Y-derived chromosome in 4 patients, the nature of the Y chromosome was defined as isodicentric with  two centromeres. Approximately 20% of mosaic patients with TS have a sex marker chromosome.(14) The use of fluorescence in situ hybridization  (FISH) analysis has been well documented as  being effective in detecting and identifying sex chromosome markers.(18,19,20) In the present study, final diagnosis followed G-banding and FISH analysis identified Y-bearing cell population in approximately 18% of TS patients. Review of the literature suggested that 6-12% of patients with TS had 45,X/46,XY cell lines with  or without structurally abnormal Y.(21) This variation is a reflection of the numbers of patients studied,  the technique used, and the strategies employed  by different investigators to search for small populations of Y containing cells. Virilization with clitoromegaly was found in  3 cases in the present study with Y cell line mosaicism. It is believed that virilization in patients with TS is due to the presence of Y cell line within the gonad even if the Y cell line is not identified in peripheral blood. Therefore, virilization is an indication for detailed studies looking for the presence of Y mosaicism. (22) Early detection of Y-derived material in the genome of TS individuals is of great importance because of the relative high risk (10-30%) of developing gonadal tumors (i.e., gonadoblastoma or dysgerminoma).(23,24) Gonadoblastoma is a precursor tumor which may undergo malignant transformation into one of the virulent germ cell neoplasms (dysgerminoma, embryonal carcinoma, endodermal sinus tumor, chorioepithelioma or yolk sac tumor).(21) It has been suggested that a locus (GBY) predisposing to the development of this tumor is located in the pericentromeric region of Yp.(25) Although the natural history of gonadoblastoma in prepubertal patients is unknown, this tumor can be evident even in the first decade of life in streak gonads with Y mosaicism and may be bilateral. Therefore, prophylactic gonadectomy should  be recommended in patients with TS and Y chromosome mosaicism, because fertility is not an issue, surgical morbidity is minor, and the potential for malignant transformation is unknown.(26) If a patient declines gonadectomy, monitoring for germ cell neoplasm is the only option. However,  it is unclear whether methods in common use  today (vaginal ultrasound, biochemical markers, proteomics, etc.), even with compliant patients,  are able to identify germ cell neoplasms at early enough stages to improve the natural history of the disease. It is possible that a predictable and specific marker of malignant potential may be identified in the future. Until then, physicians will need to be continually updated on these important issues as they relate to the clinical management of patients with Turner syndrome.(21) In conclusion, FISH for the X and Y centromere probes is a useful adjunct to conventional cytogenetic studies in patients with apparently nonmosaic monosomy X. This additional assay improved the identification of mosaicism from 60% to about 73.85%. FISH method provides a sensitive, specific, rapid, and informative means of identifying low level X and Y mosaicism in TS patients, and can be employed on the same blood sample that is used for the conventional cytogenetic studies. FISH helped in identifying the nature of the unknown markers which has an important implication in the development of gonadal tumors. Metaphase FISH, and interphase FISH should complement and validate each other in the detection of covert Y and identification of rearranged X vs Y chromosomes.

Rubber Company

Atlas Tire and Rubber Company 1) What were Atlas’ major challenges prior to the promotion of Walter Harrison as CEO? The main challenges faced by Atlas’ were competitive and financial challenges. As for the first time from 1905 the company was facing losses for consecutive 2 years in row as the company was facing a severe downturn. This was all because of the new challenges, which the company was facing due to their growth and expansion policiesThe company was also facing the competitive challenges from the low prices import products which were affecting their price strategy resulting in low profits, heavy slump in the automotive market in America also pulled back Atlas to regain its flagship. Due to all these the stock prices dropped down to 20 years low resulting in cutting down of credit rating to junk – bond status. So during this declining phase, the company needs some major transformational changes so that Atlas can regain its position and pride back. 2) Wh y did Harrison focus on an integrated supply chain as a significant element of Atlas’ new strategic plan?As Harrison and his team found that Atlas lacked integrated supply chain capabilities due to which disjointed distribution network was there and various third – partly logistic companies were used which lead to many problems and challenges. And logistics was only considered as a storage and distribution function rather than a strategic supply chain process. As Harrison came out with a strategic plan â€Å" Seven Principle of Growth† for turning around the Atlas’s fate. Harrison special focused on a superior and integrated supply chain.He focused on Integrated Supply Chain because he strongly feels that this would streamline the order and its fulfillment process so that they can be more accurate and easy to use because of their simplicity. The main focus was to deliver â€Å"the right tire to the right place at the right time while keeping costs and in ventories low. † Harrison wants to create an extra edge over the other tire manufacturers by creating the much better service capabilities. 3) What did the UST President, Michael Brogran, do to better understand customer needs? UST business defines Atlas’ s U. S.Tire business, which has the worth of producing, and selling 100 million tires per year and was generating approximately 50 percent of Atlas Revenue. Michael Brogran strongly feels that the superior supply chain was a vision that existed only on paper so he just made a team to understand customer needs in a better way. The main step the team had taken was to work across customer verticals, which were Consumer tires, Commercial Tires and Off Highway Tires. This structure help Atlas to better understand the customer needs in different segment and to meet them in different ways as needs were also different.As the part of this new alignment to understand consumers needs better Brogran facilitates cross company colla boration to identify interactions and collaboration and to share the best practices so that every department can better understand their customer needs for better visibility and control. 4) How did USTSC address the talent gap that they had in the organization? U. S. Tire Supply chain organization’s main objective was to integrate the planning and functional operations which included the responsibilities of contact centers, order management, pricing administration, distribution and delivery, billing and accounts receivable.USTSC was structured so that Atlas can understand & meet the needs of its customers that are classified under various segments likes consumer, commercial and off highway tires. The key goals of USTSC were – Lower the supply chain costs, – Boosting the customer services, – Improvement in the inventory management and associated working capital, – Simplifying the supply chain processes & management of the business. Initially USTSC c ame across major challenge with regards to talent gap.Reduction in headcount from several years impacted the internal supply chain analytical and execution capabilities. Moreover with five different 3PL (third party logistics) the focus was emphasized in managing the suppliers rather than the operations. After a thorough evaluation USTSC concluded that SCM (Supply Chain Management) was never a core competency of Atlas. In order to bridge the gap USTSC obtained assistance from organization that had expertise in planning and managing the complex supply chains.The synergy of these organizations was mutually beneficial to all the parties. Collaboration in supply chain planning, process development and service execution fetched superior results. Due to this synergy Atlas was able to leverage the expertise of Global’s supply chain & Global was in a position to gain a broader insight of Atlas’s requirements and supply chain capabilities. USTSC experienced a synergistic effect because of the Atlas-Global team and experienced more effective customer-supplier 3PL working model. Thus the talent gap was bridged by USTSC . Comment on the effectiveness of Atlas’ efforts to improve team-based strategic collaboration ? With the synergy of Global and Atlas, Atlas was in a position to leverage the expertise of Global’s supply chain & Global was able to derive a broader insight of Atlas’s requirements and supply chain capabilities. Alas-Global USTSC was able to develop team-focused, strategy-driven relationships that were unique in the 3PL industry. The organizations consistently maintained an active & effective coordinated participation across the supply chain sphere.Interactive teams from the three organizations facilitated the planning, developed and executed the key supply chain activities in order to achieve superior supply chain. The collaboration in team was very effective and was result oriented. The SCM team and the steering committee used to do brainstorming sessions to figure out new supply chain initiatives & at the other end the operations team and the SCM team evaluated and ensured the potential projects that could be implemented effectively and are favorable.The relationship building between the organizations was effective and there was a strong executive support from the top management. The organizations attained mutual benefits and they experienced more effective customer-supplier 3PL working model. There was effective synchronization in the strategies with regards to process design and execution. Allocation of resources was well planned and the responsibilities were well defined. More focused on the opportunities available. The integration of the team performance was able to create superior supply chain capabilities within the industry. . As O’Brien, what strategies would you recommend to Atlas to: A) Gain greater control over inventory; B) Optimize the flow of products in the supply chain. In ord er to gain control over inventory & to optimize the flow of products in supply chain: Implementing a centralized system within the 33 company owned regional distribution centers so that the information regarding supply chain, any innovations and critical information are accessible to everyone at one single point of time.Effective integration of the 4 third party logistics providers’ services would generate superior results. Forecasting should be done collaboratively by the Atlas sales group and manufacturing group in order to arrive at accurate estimates. Implementation of the ERP system like SAP would make it easy to figure out inventory analysis.A centralized system like SAP would also create transparency, easy availability of data, accessible to concerned department in a timely manner, constant flow of information, demand and supply of inventory can be balanced and can avoid instances like stock outs or over inventory carrying costs, more reliable and realistic, helps in d ecision making process, implementing a centralized approach in the transportation system, a well defined standard service parameter should be set and should get authorized by the compliance, regular audits and inspections should be done in order to check if there are any violations.

Emotion is not very strong Essay

In this research, the correlation coefficient is +0.0563 and this number is closer to +1. It means these two variables do have positive correlation but just a slight positive correlation. In other words, if one variable is large the other one will tend to be large. However, +0.0563 is not very close to +1 and it does not reach half of 1, so it does not mean the more chocolate people have, the happier they will be. The +correlation can prove chocolate can have a slight positive effect on emotion and when people are happy they would like to eat chocolate to share the happiness. The data in the first three questions proved that most people like chocolate because of its taste, and eat it very often. However there is still 20% of people do not like it and do not eat it very often. By considering the fourth question, half of people think that chocolate could make them feel better when they are sad. It means chocolate does affect emotions, and help people escape bad mood. For the last question, 8 out of 10 agreed that eating chocolate is useful to reduce the stress and make people feel free. There is a research which was done by Gordon Parkey, (School of psychiatry, University of New South Wales), and they wrote the following result:  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Chocolate can provide its own hedonistic reward by satisfying cravings, but when consumed as a comfort eating or emotional eating strategy, is more likely to be associated with prolongation rather than cessation of a dysphonic mood. Any mood benefits of chocolate consumption are ephemeral.’  So it could be a kind of evidence that chocolate could affect emotion. And it indicates that chocolate has a short-time effect on emotion, but it could not last too long. Summary of analysis:  To sum up, the correlation between chocolate and emotion is positive, but it is not very high. By analyzing the data, chocolate could affect emotion and it may useful to help people to reduce stress and feel free. So the two hypothesizes are correct. However, it has to be admitted that the correlation coefficient is low. So the function of chocolate may be not very efficient for emotion. Conclusion In conclusion, this report uses the survey studies to investigate the correlation between chocolate and emotion.10 questions were made for 10 participants. The correlation coefficient is not very high, and it means although chocolate can affect emotion, it just would be a slight effect. The data indicates that chocolate can help people to be relax and happy.  However, in this research, the correlation between chocolate and emotion is not very strong. The reasons for the low correlation coefficient are various. Firstly, the number of participants is not enough. It is too small to get the general conclusion. Second reason is most of participants are Chinese. Compared with people in western countries, Chinese are not very fond of eating sweets. It is the cultural difference. The third reason is the design of this questionnaire is a little simple, and questions are not enough to investigate such a huge item.

This Is Architecture Trying to Understand Frank Gehry